Fried and colleagues ( Fried et al., 2001) have operationalized this condition as the coexistence of three out of five phenotypic criteria that indicate compromised energy: low grip strength, low energy, slowed walking speed, low physical activity, and/or unintentional weight loss. It results from aging-related deterioration, which raises the risk of adverse effects, including falls, disability, delirium, and death ( Clegg et al., 2013). Frailty is a preclinical condition of increased vulnerability following minor stressor events, which is related with a reduction in reserve and function across a variety of physiological processes, including the ability to cope with daily or acute stresses ( Fried et al., 2001 Walston et al., 2006 Eeles et al., 2012). For instance, aging is linked to structural and physiological changes, as well as a lifelong accumulation of molecular and cellular damages caused by a complex network of maintenance and repair processes ( Kirkwood, 2005). The population of people aged 65 and up is expected to reach 2 billion by 2050 ( Kinsella and Phillips, 2005), with major implications for health and social care planning and delivery. Results from the clinical study with 10 patients, revealed that Brain m-App improved especially executive functions and memory performances. The preliminary usability test, which was conducted on five older people, revealed a sufficient level of usability, however, the sample size was modest. The activities were chosen based on those patients used to do during their clinical practice in the hospital with the aim to improve their independence and autonomy in daily tasks. The Brain m-app is made up of 10 days of activities that include a variety of exercises.

This app exploits the potential of 360° videos which are well-suited to home-based rehabilitation. We thus present Brain m-App, a tablet-based application designed for home-based cognitive rehabilitation of frail subjects, addressing spatial memory, attention, and executive functions. In this regard, home-based rehabilitation allows patients to continue an intervention begun in a hospital setting while also ensuring support and assistance when access to healthcare systems is limited, such as during the present pandemic situation. The major goal of rehabilitation intervention is to assist patients in performing ordinary personal duties without the assistance of another person, or at the very least to remove the need for additional support, using adaptive approaches and facilities.

7Humane Technology Lab, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, ItalyĬognitive frailty is defined as a clinical condition characterized by both physical frailty and cognitive impairment, without reaching the criteria for dementia.

Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy 6Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, I.R.C.C.S.5Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing – National Research Council, Milan, Italy.4Department of Psychology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.3Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.2Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy.1Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, I.R.C.C.S.Elisa Pedroli 1,2, Valentina Mancuso 2*, Chiara Stramba-Badiale 1, Pietro Cipresso 1,3, Cosimo Tuena 1,4, Luca Greci 5, Karine Goulene 6, Marco Stramba-Badiale 6, Giuseppe Riva 1,7 and Andrea Gaggioli 1,4

Ipad 3d brain app autonomy